William anthony shaw



WiLLIAM ANHoNYsHAw, oF NEW YORK, sur.r

Letters Patent No. 751,613, dated Febrer-dry 18, 1868; ntedateulFebruary 6, 1868.

ritenersi/teur vut Tsi: MANUPAoTUR-s or rIN-LINEDLBAD PIPE.

@te -tlgthnle meurt in iu tinte fet'tert lnteuttntimsling ont nttrgtsante. Y

TO ALL WHOM I'l MAY CONCERN:

- Be it known tlmt I, WILLIAM ANTHONY SHAW, of the city', county, andState of New York, have invented a. certain new and useful Improvementthe Manufacture of Tin-Lincd Lead Pipe.; and I do hereby declare thefollowing to be a full, clear, and ex'act description of the same,reference being had to theannexed drawings making part of thisspecification, in which- A i Figure lis a top view of my saidimprovement, and p Figure 2 is a vertical Asection through the samc, onthe line :c y. p

' `This invention relates to' the manufacture of tin-lined lea.d pipe,or lead-encased tin pipe,.upon the` plan stated -in the patent lgrantedtome on the tenthiof March, 1863, which patent was afterwards assignedand reissued. v Y,

i In manufacturing this kind of pipe upon the plan stated in saidpatent, or said reissued patent, great dithculty is `experienced inobtaining a uniform thickness of lining inthe pipe.' The lining will bethicker in one place than another, sometimes insane end and sometimeson. one`side, and then, again, the lining will he nearly or quiteuniform through the entire length of the coil,y thus developing a wantof certainty in the manufactureY .ofthis-variety of pipe whichinilitates very much 4against the practical value of the invention. Theprime cause of this difficulty is undoubtedly owing to the fact that thetwo metals are both placed in one retainingcylinder, from whence theyhave to be forced through one die.

The diliculty thus resulting from placing the two' metals together inthe same cylinder, as indicated in the patentraforesnid, is due to thefact that,` in pressing an ingot of soft metal out of aretaining-cylinder through a die, thecentre of the iugot is forced outwithlgreater rapidity4 than the circumference, and especially during thelatter part of.the stroke. This may he owing to the greater friction ofthe metal on the sides and bottom of the retaining-cylinder, or-it mayoe owingto the fact that the centre of the metal, near the axis of theingo t, is nearest the place' of exit-thro'hgh the die, the particleslofsoft metal passing more freely by cach other than by .theside oftheicylinder-, the circumference of the ingot breaking down continuallyunder /the end of the ram or applied power, thus forcing the centre ofthe ingot forward.

Whatever may be the causo of this phenomenon may be ditlicult to exactlydetermine, but of its existence there is no' doubt; for, by putting thetwo metals together in the same cylinder and pressing them out, as inthe case of the patent above alluded to, the course and disposition of.the metal are at once revealed.

Now, in the manufacture of lead-encased tin pipe, upon the plan of saidpatent, the tin ingot must be placed around the axis of the mandrel,and, per consequence, is first forced out through the die with thegreatest rapidity, making the lining in the end of the pipe first formedtoo thick, and disappearing nearly or wholly in the lastcnd of thecoil.A This diiiiculty has been met, and, to a certain extent, overcome,by a peculiar formo.4 tonalnd adjustment of the two ingots, in respecttc each other and to the die and cylinder'.

The peculiar formation and adjustment of these ingots in relation toeach other, the die and cylinder, for the purpose of overcoming thedifficulty above pointed out,'have been hitherto patented hyme, but thediiiculty,

i though mitigated, has net entirely disappeared.

In making this variety ofpipe, I havel found that the top .of the twoingots, or charge, moves down, Without change of form, fo'r a certaindistance, or until it comes within the influence of the escaping currentat the die. The distance that the-charge or ingots will thus move downwithout change of form depends upon the size of the die and the core,and also upon the' depth of the cylinder and its diameter. I

To overcome the objections above pointed out, the two ingcts must be soformed, proportioned, and adjusted in relation to each other, the die,cylinder, and mandrel, that the lead ingot, under the operation of theapplied' power, will not distort the tin ingot to such au extent as todestroy its uniform discharge through the die, and

the equal thickness of the `tin lining or tube in the lead enea-sement.

'.lo'rncet theseconditions, I make the tin ingot in the' form of adoublevfrustum of a cone, as represented in the drawing hy A A, mak-ingthe upper frustum to contain a little more metal than the lower one-,andalso a little shorter and more tapering than the latter, placing thelead ingot B around the tin, in thcvinanner shown. By these means thetin will be forced out of uniform thickness, or nearly so, from one endof the charge to the other, the shape of the top frustum being graduallytransformed to thet of the lower one, as the charge works off.Thesefrusta may be made separately, tha-t is, parted on the transversedotted line a, in iig. 2, or, in casting, they may be partedlongitudinally through the centre, or they may be cast in one piece ofingot, as experience may seemto dictate.

The same object, that is' to say, a uniform thickness of load and tinthrough the whole length of pipe, may he approximately obtained evenwhen a cylindrical central -ingot is used, or one that is nearlycylindrical, by curing out the lead ingot, to reduce the quantity ofmetal, and the consequent excessive density thereof` towards the lastpart of the charge, by which the proper relative proportion ofthe tinand lead in the pipe is destroyed, the lead being in excess and the tintoo thin, but by making the cavities D in the top of the-ingot, themetal hasanopportunity to spread, and relieve the tendency to force outthc centre or middle of thc ingot. But to the best result from thepreparation of the charge, and to prevent the lead from alloyingexcessively with the tin, and to save the waste of time incidental tothe chilling of the central or tin ingot, as new practised, I firstmaire two moulds, of the form of a frustum of :L cone, as represented bythe two parts-ot` the lead ingots B and C, .when separated on'thc linee.I then malte two cores, of the forms respectively of thc ltop and bottomparts of the tin ingot A. I then put one ofthe last-mentioned cores ineach of the aforementioned moulds, andl east the two parts of the leadingot,twhich is divided on the line z separately, in their respectivemoulds. These two parts of the lead ingot are then put together in ametal receiver, made for that purpose.` I then set the mandrel E in thecentre ofthe lead ingot-B, thus formed, and cast the' tin ingot aroundthe mandrel, and afterwards cast the lead ingot C either in the cylinderof the press, or in a separate mould around the ingot B.

By this means, I avoidoompletely the excessive ulloying and waste ot'time above alluded to, and, at the same time, get thelowei part of the'charge the hottest; -for, by makingr the intermediate ingot like aninverted frustum of a cone, and casting the melted lead around it, I getthe greatest mass of het lead in the bottom of the cylinder, and heatthe ingot at the desired point previous to the .application of the powerthereto. The intermediateingot maybe of lead, or some suitable alloy, asleadl and zinc, or lead and copper, or lead andantimony, or it may beoi' any-alloy which will melt at a somewhat higher temperature than tin,thus improving the pipe, by strengthening it, and affordingbettervfacility for making the joints with solder, removing, as it does,all danger of meltingthe lining inthe pipe, as sometimes happens in thecase of pur'e tin.

IIl hesproportion and forni of the centra-l and intermediate ingots maybe somewhat modified, and the ingot B may be made much smaller, leavingroom for the cavities D in theoutside casing O. But the intermediateingot, B, should be about ofA the form of the frustum of a cone, and thecentral ingot, A, should bcl of the form oto double t'rustum of a cone,or nearly so;

This general form, I think, it will be well to preserve, without meaningto confine my claim to the exact form, or to any given taper orproportion of the respective ingots, or to the above-described order ofmaking them. The idea which'this invention is intended to reduce topractice is to so form and proportion the two ingots or metals inrespect to each-other, the cylinder, die,` and mandrel, that,notwithstanding the change which takes place in their relative shapes orform'sundcr the'operation of the applied power, they will neverthelessdispose themselves in their proper relative position and proportion whenforcedout of the die in theform of pipe.

f I desire it understood, therefore, that, although I claim the mannerof preparing the described charge et' metal, I do not intend to limit mypatent to makjng'it in three parts or pieces, nor do I intend to limitit to the exact outline 0i' a double -frustum of a cone in the one part,or a single frustum of a cone in the other, but

i What Ido claim as my invention, and desire to secure by LettersPatent, is- .i

` 1. Making the charge of metal in three distinct parts, as described,and uniting them either before or after they are put in the cylinder. v

2. Making the central ingot or charge of tin, in the form of a.doublelfrustum of a cone, or its equivalent, for the purpose of securinga uniform thickness of t-in in the lead tube or pipe.

3. Making the intermediate lea-d or alloy ingot in the form of afr'ustum of' a cone,` substantially as described.

J 4. Making thecavities D in the upper end of the charge, substantiallyas described, for the purpose specified. I

I WM. ANTHONY SHAW.

Witnesses l?. D. KENNY, Anos BnoADNAX.'

